The Nomenclature News of Flora
Palaestina
Avinoam Danin
Department of
Evolution, Systematics, and Ecology
The A.
Silberman Institute for Life Sciences
The Hebrew
University of
Jerusalem, Israel 91904
First published in 2000, in: Flora
Mediterranea, 10: 109-172.
A note to the reader by A.
Danin
Dear reader,
When I wrote this article, at
the end of 1999, I was ready to start working on the publication of my book
listed below. As often happens, the preparation time has been longer than the
wishful thinking of the author. I therefore opened the present path at the
website of the Jerusalem Botanical Garden, in which I intended to update the
readers in nomenclature changes. The big day of printing the book is close now.
I am expecting to see the blue-prints of the book this week. I take the
opportunity of the present stage in nomenclature changes for several years and
make a renewed issue of the "Nomenclature News". The new additions
are made in the same font type etc. As a
result of the changes the pagination became slightly different from the
original publication in Flora Mediterranea.
Sincerely yours, A. Danin
A note to the reader by A.
Danin
Dear reader,
I was sorry to discover my
mistake in naming Acacia salicina Lindl. As Acacia longifolia. Much
of the information presented now under A. salicina was erroneously
provided to A. longifolia. If the latter is found in Israel, it is not
as common as Acacia salicina.
Sincerely yours, A. Danin
During the preparation of the list of species in the Flora palaestina
area several hundred names have been changed, added or replaced. Due to the
limited space in the forthcoming book, the author lists the comments concerning
many of the new names in Flora Palaestina.
Introduction
The material presented here is
based on the material reported by the author in the manuscript and final
proof-readings of “Distribution Atlas of plants in the Flora Palaestina area”
which is part of the Flora Palaestina project, published by The Israel Academy
for Science and Humanities. However, since the information in the “Atlas” is
limited to the actual name of the plant and the name used in Flora Palaestina
(Zohary, 1966, 1972; Feinbrun-Dothan 1978, 1986) there is no information as to
why names were changed or added, where it is published etc. The aim of the
present source of information is to provide, whenever available, tools for the
reader to read for himself the information which led the author to the
nomenclature conclusions that are presented in "the Atlas". Field
observations on ecological conditions and history of invasion of established
aliens are presented as well. The information presented on 19 species reported
in Danin (2000) is incorporated in the present article as well.
Content
1.
List of the species “new to science” reported for
the Flora Palaestina area.
p. 110
2.
List of species “new to” the Flora Palaestina area. p.
116
3.
List of species which were
mis-identified
in Flora Palaestina p. 138
4.
List of species the names
of which in Flora Palaestina are regarded at present as synonyms
p.140
5.
List of species, which were recorded in literature from the study area but are
excluded from the “Distribution Atlas”
p. 151
6.
References p.
157
1.
List of species “new to science” reported after the publication of Flora
Palaestina
Allium daninianumBrullo, Pavone & Salmeri
Ref.: Brullo et al., (1996).
Fl.Pal.:
“Allium stamineum“.
Note: The plants that were used to be called Allium stamineum Boiss. in Flora Palaestina (IV) and in earlier studies of that
area were regarded by Brullo et al., (1993, in Candollea 48:279-290) as a
complex. These authors regard the typical A. stamineum Boiss. to be
confined to
Allium
kollmannianumBrullo,
Pavone & Salmeri
Ref.: Brullo et al., (1991).
Note: a rare plant, poorly collected, known from 3
locations or 3 specimens described by the authors. They regard it as confined
to shrub-steppes on sandy-loess soils.
Allium tardiflorumKollmann, Shmida & Cohen
Ref.: Kollmann et
al., (1990).
Note: The only autumn-flowering Allium in
Amygdalus ramonensis Danin
Ref.:
Danin, (1980).
Type specimen:
Note: a rare tree confined to
rock crevices and other rocky mesophytic microhabitats in steppe-forests of the
Negev Highlands (Danin, 1999a, 1999b). A
few specimens occur in banks of large wadis draining rocky terrain in the Negev
Highlands. According to Browicz & Zohary (1996), who “summed up their views
for tree breeders” (as D. Zohary explained the essence of their paper, pers.
comm.) this taxon should be sunk into the complex of Amygdalus communis L.
subsp. microcarpa (Post) Browicz & Zohary. I keep regarding this
taxon as an independent species until more comprehensive study proves
otherwise.
Hormuzakia
negevensis (Danin) Danin & Hilger comb. nov.
Basionyme.: Anchusa negevensis Danin
Ref.: Danin (1995); Danin &
Hilger (2000).
Type specimen:
Note: This is the most rare
endemic species known so far in
During the summer of 2000, as a result of DNA sequencing of
herbarium specimen of this taxon by H.H. Hilger, as part of broader research on
Boraginaceae, interesting findings were revealed. Our conclusions there were:” Analysis of the trnL(UAA)intron of chloroplast DNA corroborates the separate generic
status of Hormuzakia Guşul. (Boraginaceae) apart from Anchusa L., and
justifies the new combination of Hormuzakia negevensis (Danin) Danin
& Hilger.
Artemisia
jordanica Danin
Ref.: Danin (1999c)
Type specimen: S Jordan, Ma’an district, 45 km N of Mudawwara, sandy wadi,
26.10.1997, Danin, 972901 (HUJ; isotypes B, BM, E, K).
Note: This species was regarded by botanists dealing
with the floras of
Cyperus sharonensis Danin & Kukkonen
Ref.: Danin (1995).
Type specimen:
Note: This species was overlooked in the past being
considered as part of the forms of Cyperus capitatus Vand., which grow
sympatrically with C. sharonensis. Eig wrote in the 1930’s a note on one
specimen calling attention to its peculiar morphology. The new species may be
easily distinguished by the tall inflorescence (peduncles up to 100 cm long)
and thick rhizomes (8-10 mm in diam.) of C. sharonensis contrary to the
short peduncle (5-15 cm long) and thin rhizomes (1-2 mm in diam.).
Diplotaxis villosa Boulos & Jallad
Ref.: Boulos & Jallad (1975), Bot. Not. 128: 367.
Kickxia petrana Danin
Ref.: Danin (1991), Willdenowia
21: 181‑184.
Type specimen: Jordan, Edom, Aupstieg
ed-Deir, 910 m, Ostern 1987, I. Künne 3488 (B, HUJ)
Note: After studying
3 other closely related species: K. acerbiana (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, K.
macilenta (Decne.) Danin, and describing K. judaica Danin, I
suspected that the Kickxia species found in the sandstone terrain of
Lathyrus
golanensisCohen & Plitmann
Ref.: Cohen
& Plitmann, in Plitmann et al., (1995): 250-252.
Note: The type
population is from herbaceous vegetation on dark brown alluvial heavy soil,
inundated and muddy in winter, very dry in summer.
Lathyrus
plitmannii Greuter & Burdet
Ref.: Greuter
& Burdet in
Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 32.
Note: The authors
discovered that the name L. lineatus given first to this taxon, by
Plitmann & Heyn, is not valid and renamed it after one of its authors.
Lathyrus hirticarpusMattatia
& Heyn
Ref.: Mattatia & Heyn (1976).
Lens odemensisLadizinsky
Ref.: Ladizinsky
(1986).
Note: Collected in
Micromeria danaensis Danin
Ref.: Danin
(1997).
Type specimen:
Note: A narrow
endemic growing in crevices of hard sandstone outcrops in steppes-forest area
of
Origanum petraeum Danin
Ref.: Danin (1990).
Type specimen:
Note: Several
additional populations of O. petraeum were discovered in the sandstone
outcrops of
Origanum
punonense Danin
Ref.: Danin, (1990).
Type specimen: Jordan, Karak (
Note: A few
additional populations of O. punonense were discovered in the sandstone
outcrops of
Origanum jordanicum Danin & Künne
Ref.: Danin & Künne, (1996).
Type specimen: Jordan: Edom, 8 km south of Petra, 1 km west of Et Taiyiba, Qseir el Anajil,
1180 m above sea level, coordinates: 30°26'E/30°15'N,, in crevices of Ordovician sandstone cliff,
eastern exposure, 30.9.1994, I. Künne 94‑09‑19 (HUJ).
Note: A specimen
collected at the NW slopes of Jebel Umm Adami,
Paronychia
jordanica
Chaudhri
Note: This species was
published as a result of a study at the herbarium. The author (Chaudhri 1968) did not have a chance of observing
populations of this species. He was not aware of the geography and named a
plant growing in
Polygala
negevensis Danin
Ref.: Danin (1987) .
Type specimen:
Note: Boulos (pers.
comm. 8/2000) in his manuscript of the Flora of Egypt (in press) intends to
sink this taxon into a synonym of the hairy species (with patent hairs) Polygala sinaica Botsch. When describing this taxon as an independent species I
based my decision on plenty of morphological, ecological, and phytosociological
observations in the field, which correlate perfectly with the morphology and
ecology of the two taxa. I assume that Prof. L. Boulos could not have the
opportunity to critically observe the plants in the field and based his
decision on herbarium observations, which I am sure insufficient in this case.
I keep the two taxa separate and independent at a specific rank.
Pycnocycla
saxatilisDanin, Hedge & Lamond
Ref.: Danin et al., (2000).
Type specimen:
Jordan, Edom: Rum area, 10 km SSE of Wadi Rum rest house, 35° 29' E 29° 31' N;
in crevices of hard sandstone outcrops, N-facing, 1100 m, 12.10.1998, Danin 981101
(holo HUJ; iso E, B).
Note: Small
populations of this species occur in crevices of the sandstone inslebergs
of Wadi Rum,
Rubia danaensis Danin
Ref.: Danin (1997).
Type specimen:
Note: Rubia
danaensis is a narrow endemic (so far known) restricted to limestone cliffs
of
Satureja nabateorum Danin & Hedge
Ref.: Danin & Hedge, (1998).
Type specimen: Jordan, Edom: 10 km E of Risha to Jebel Masú
da,
in crevices of smooth-faced white sandstone (Disi Formation), 650 m, 19.v.1997,
Danin 970201 (holo HUJ; iso B, E, K)
Note: The closest
relative of S. nabateorum is S. thymbrifolia Hedge &
Feinbrun, described in 1968 (both are in
Sect. Zatarioideae Boiss.). The authors of S.
thymbrifolia asked me, being the collector of
the blooming holotype, to add a description of its habitats (Danin 1968). The
discovery of the two species has a similar history; both were collected in the
1930’s as incomplete vegetative summer branches, which resembled each other.
The resemblance of summer leaves of the two species caused the confusion and
the inclusion of specimens of S. nabateorum in the description of S. thymbrifolia. The finding of fully developed plants of the second species
led Danin & Hedge (1998) to recognize the significant morphological
differences as sufficient between two species. The completely different
ecological conditions, the long distance between the main populations of the
two (150 km), and the morphological differences are further discussed by Danin
& Hedge (1998). The occurrence of this species in adjacent
location in
Scandix verna O.Cohen
Ref.: Cohen (2000).
Note: All the herbarium specimens of “Scandix
iberica” from
Silene danaensis Danin
Ref.: Danin (1997).
Type specimens:
Note: The
moprphological similarity of S. danaensis to other species of Sect. Sclerocalycinae
(Boiss.) Schischk. is compared and differentiated in the original description
of the species (Danin 1997). S. danaensis grows in small extent in
crevices of limestone outcrops. It is much more common in crevices of hard
sandstone outcrops, where it grows from the area of Dana in the north, through
most sandstone outcrops of
Teucrium leucocladum Boiss.
subsp. jordanicum Danin
Ref.: Danin, (1997).
Type specimens:
Note: The two most
common species of Teucrium growing in semi-shrub communities of the
bathas, steppes, and deserts of the
Vicia basalticaPlitmann
Ref.: Plitmann
(1987).
Note: Confined to moist soils on basalt.
Acacia cyclops A.Cunn
ex G. Don
Note:A
plant of western
Australian origin, planted in the arboretum near Kiryat Anavim as a possible
afforestation tree. Following two events of “strong fire” in summers of 1987 and 1997, this
presumably pyrophilous species became well-established on previously
pine-afforested slopes. Following the two fire events this plant became one of
the most prominent species in the area. It is assumed that additional wild
fires in the Mediterranean mountainous area of
Acacia salicina
Lindle. (common Australian names: willow acacia; willow wattle)
Note:This
taxon was erroneously presented before as: Acacia longifolia (Andr.)
Willd. Thanks are due to Prof. Alan Witztum for the correction of my mistake. A
plant of eastern
Australian origin, where it grows along water courses and flood plains. It is
planted in settlements and urban gardens, mainly in the desert parts of
Acacia paradoxa DC.
Note:A spiny shrub, introduced from
When Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim was settled in 1920, one of the settlers’
activities was planting “The Arboretum” in cooperation with the Jewish National
Fund. It was a rather large experimental plot and many Australian species were
among the introduced species. From at least the 1950’s there was no additional
planting. In the last 20 years there were two events of wild fire which led to
a total elimination of the entire Arboretum and the pine forest planted on this
slope. Today, more than 5 years after the last fire, there is a high proportion
of Acacia cyclops A.Cunn ex G.Don, A.
saligna (Labill.) Wendl.f.
in the arboreal components of the vegetation of the area which was “The
Arboretum” long ago. Here and there are well-developed specimens of A. paradoxa. Finding it at roadside far away from the Arboretum site enable us
to assume that it started to expand and should therefore be regarded as a
“naturalized”. Authors: J.M. Dufour-Dror & A. Danin (submitted to
Willdenowia June 2004)
Acacia saligna (Labill.)
Wendl.f.
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 29.
Note:
A plant of western
Australian origin, planted throughout the country as a fast growing shrub or
tree. One of the main uses of the plant is in stabilization of the coastal
sands. Pods with seeds derive from afforested areas and are blown by the wind.
In the southern coastal plain, where dunes still exist, individual trees occur
among sand dunes in habitats of sand deposition, mainly at the foot of the
slip-face part of the dunes. This habitat is known also as “interdunes”. A. saligna trees are also planted in large quantities along roads in
Wild fires of afforested pine woodlands 30 km west
of
Spontaneously established A. saligna trees are found also on crushed rocks which
make up the sides of newly constructed roads, on fresh cuts of hills near
roads, and on heaps of waste material derived from buildings.
Adonis flammea Jacq.
Ref.: Baierle (1993).
Note: The specimen collected by
Baierle was determined by the expert for Adonis in the
Aegilops cylindrica Host
Ref.: Danin & Scholz, (1994).
Note:
A small population of this adventive species was found in
Agrostis stolonifera L.
Note:
The specimens in HUJ: Golan: Bab el Hawa, 25.7.1967, Y. Parag,
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.)
Swingle
Note:
A tree
introduced from
Alisma gramineum Lej.
Ref.: Fragman, in Greuter & Raus (1999): p.
64.
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara &
Grande
Note:
The first specimens in HUJ:
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
Note:
It is hard to state if the plant is an adventive synanthropic plant or
spontaneous plant in the study area (cf. Shmida, 1995). It is known for a long
time as a medicinal plant and could be brought here as such. The few
populations found in
Alyssum desertorum Stapf
Ref.:
Al-Eisawi
(1985b).
Alyssum szowitsianum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Note:
I could not find the origin of this record for
Amaranthus blitum L.
Note:
This is a very common weed in
Amaranthus deflexus L.
Note:
The first and only specimen in HUJ:
Amaranthus rudis Sauer
Ref.:
Danin & Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1986): 414. For additional aspects
see Dafni &
Heller (1990).
Note:
This species is confined to naturally disturbed ground, albeit being part of a
genus, most of species of which are known in the study area as colonizers of
human-disturbed ground. It was collected mainly from banks of watercourses,
artificial water reservoirs, or at the largest water reservoir of
Ambrosia confertiflora DC.
Ref.:
Danin (1994).
Note:
The population, which was sampled and discussed by Danin (1994), could not be
detected after 1999. It is probably a case of non-successful establishment of
an adventive plant.
Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng.
Ref.: Danin (1994); Danin, in Greuter &
Raus (1995): p. 172.
Note:
The first specimen collected so far continue to multiply vegetatively in the
first collection site:
Ambrosia trifida L.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Akko Plain: Qishon bridge, 7.1987, Y. Marta.
Anabasis oropediorum Maire
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982a): p. 38.
Andrzeiowskia cardamine Rchb.
Ref.:
Heller & Liston in Greuter & Raus (1985): p. 63.
Note: The first record in HUJ is: Golan: Dalhemiya,
7.4.1980, Y. Ivri.
Anoda cristata (L.)
Schltdl.
Note:
The first record in HUJ is: Pleshet, kibbutz Netzer Sereni, cotton field, July 1981,
H.K. Mienis. For additional aspects see Mienis (1982) and Dafni & Heller (1990).
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Note:
The first record in HUJ is: Golan: Masa’ada forest, 22.4.1973, Shmida, Dafni
& Lerner. So far it was not collected elsewhere.
Araujia sericifera Brot.
Note:
A vine, introduced
from
Arctotheca
calendula(L.) Levyns
Specimen: Sharon, En HaKhoresh, a weed in irrigated young
orange orchard on Red sandy-loam soil (Hamra), 29.03.2004, Danin (HUJ, B, E)
Note:
This plant is a recent introduction from
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.
Note:
A few casual specimens of this un-naturalized alien are deposited in HUJ:
Coastal Plain:
Asparagus plumosus Baker
Note:
A common cultivated vine in ornamental gardens. It succeeds very well as a vine
in abandoned, almost abandoned, or slightly managed citrus orchards of the
coastal plain.
Asplenium scolopendrium L.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter (1980a): p. 18.
Asplenium trichomanes L.
Note:
According to Zohary (1976): p. 70, this species is known from the
Astragalus brachystachys DC.
Ref.: Danin & Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1986):
427.
Astragalus camelorum Barbey
Ref.:
Baierle (1993): p. 224. A. camelorum is a stem-assimilant semi-shrub rather easy to recognize by the
medifixed hairs covering its stems and leaves. (cf. Danin 1976).
Astragalus
eremophilus Boiss.
Ref.: Danin & Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1986): p. 427.
Astragalus
ehrenbergii Bge.
Ref.: Baierle (1993): p. 224.
Atractylis mernephthae Asch., Schweinf. &
Letourn. Note: First specimen in HUJ:
Atriplex holocarpa F.Muell.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982a): 40. Reported as Senniella spongiosa (F. Mueller)
Aellen. For additional aspects see Dafni & Heller (1990).
Atriplex
muelleri Benth.
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter &
Raus (1982a):
p. 38.
Atriplex nummularia Lindl.
Note:An indigenous Australian
shrub, naturalized in
Atriplex suberecta Verd.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982b): p. 191.
Note:
This species was first recorded by Danin (1982b) as A. microcarpa Benth.
A more proper was found after the publication of the Chenopodiaceae in the
Flora of Australia (Wilson 1984: p. 113).
Azolla filiculoides Lam.
Note:
Specimens collected by M. Chaouat
in the Golan without a specified location, nor with herbarium specimen were
raised in the botanical garden at
Barbarea brachycarpa Boiss.
Note:
According to Zohary (1976): p. 156, known from the Golan.
Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott
Note:
The first specimen at HUJ:
Biarum auraniticum Mouterde
Ref.:
Cohen (1999): p. 229.
Note: The first specimen in
HUJ: Golan, Rujm el Hiri, 2.11.1996, O. & M. Cohen.
Borrichia
frutescens
(L.) DC..,
Specimen:
The first
record in HUJ:
Note: A native of the
Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb.
Note:
This plant is known so far only from the campus of the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, at Givat Ram,
Brassica cretica Lam. subsp. aegea (Heldr. & Halácsy) Snogerup
Ref.:
Heller & Liston in Greuter & Raus (1985): p. 64.
Note:
The first record in HUJ:
Brassica napus L.
Note:
A common crop plant in
Bromus chrysopogon Viv.
Ref.:
Danin (1992):
p. 72.
Bromus haussknechtii Boiss.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 465
Bromus intermedius Guss.
Specimen seen:
Bromus pseudobrachystachys H.Scholz
Ref.:
Danin (1992):
p. 74.
Bromus commutatusSchrad
L.
subsp. decipiens (Bomble & H.Scholz) H. Scholz
Note:
In the first edition the opinion of Prof. H. Scholz was that the taxon we found
in
Bromus sericeus Drobov
Ref: Danin (1992): p. 74.
Bupleurum libanoticum Boiss.
& Blanche
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Golan, between Buqata and Mas’ada, maquis on basalt
rocks, 31.3.1967, M. Zohary, det. O. Cohen.
Calystegia soldanella (L.) Roemer. & Schult.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Coast of
Campanula peregrina L.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Upper Galilee, Nahal Keziv, Ein Tamir, 12.7.1985, A.
Aaroni, det. O. Cohen.
Caralluma tuberculata N.E.Br.
Ref.: Baierle (1993): p. 215.
Castellia tuberculosa (Moris) Bor
Note: First record in HUJ:
Centaurea eriophora L.
Ref.: Witztum (1989).
Centranthus longiflorus Steven
Note:
In moister Mediterranean countries, such as
Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.
Ref.: Garve, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 28.
Chenopodium urbicum L.
Specimens examined:
Ref.: Danin & Uotila, in Greuter & Raus
(1989): p. 53.
Note:
An important colonizer of the newly exposed shores of the coast of the
Chloris barbata Sw.
Specimen examined: Jordan, Ammon: Wadi Zarqa Ma’in, near the
hot springs, an alluvial terrace, 18.xii.1997, Danin. 974301 (HUJ!), det. H.
Scholz.
Note:
The only place in the study area this plant is known of is the area near the
hotel by the hot springs of Wadi Zarqa Ma’in. The plant grows in opened habitats of both natural
and anthropogenic habitats. These are dry wadis that may flow temporarily in
rainy years and in abandoned seasonal flowerbeds.
Chloris pycnothrix Trin.
Ref.: Danin & Cope, in Greuter & Raus
(1995): p. 176.
Note:
The only specimens available at the herbarium of the Hebrew University (HUJ) are
those reported from the Philistean Plain from 1989.
Ciclospermum leptophyllum
(Pers.) Sprague
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1995): p. 175.
Note: Reported as
Apium leptophyllum (Pers.)
Benth., its older synonym from: Israel, Judean Mts. Jerusalem, irrigated lawn,
24.5.1990. This minute annual kept growing for additional two years in the
small collection site and was not found there or anywhere else any more.
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Ref.: Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p.
440.
Commicarpus sinuatus Meikle
Ref.:
Greuter, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p. 448.
Note:
Greuter (1987) writes that C. sinuatus is presented in Zohary (1966)
from the southern Negev and Arava Valley as C. africanus var. viscosus.
Consolida coelesyriaca Mouterde
Note:
Baierle (1993): p. 233.
Consolida hispanica (Costa) Greuter & Burdet
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Golan, Qubet-Qarah, 6.5.1973, Didi & Edit. For
nomenclature see Greuter in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 43.
Consolida tomentosa (Aucher) Schrödgr. subsp. oligantha
(Boiss.)
Note:
Boulos et al., (1975): p. 369.
Cornulaca monacantha Delile
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982a): p. 39.
Corydalis triternata Zucc.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Golan, near Mas’ade, 1000m, maquis, 27.2.1968, M.
Livneh.
Cotoneaster nummularius
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Ref.: Baierle et al., (1988): p. 466.
Crassula vaillantii (Willd.)
Roth
Ref.: Witztum & Raviv, (1988).
Cupressus semperinens L. var. sempervirens
Note:
Mediterranean tree, domesticated from C. sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Aiton. Introduced as ornamental hundreds of years ago. The cultivar is found in the
mountains of the Mediterranean territories of
Another habitat where self-establishment of this variety of C. sempervirens
takes place is abandoned quarries of limestone where heaps of crushed rocks occur.
In the two habitats individuals of Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis
and A. arizonica Green occur as well. The origin of their seeds is also
from planted forests. However, in order to avoid confusion with the relict C. sempervirens var. horizontalis populations found in
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 31.
Note:The
record of this plant from the waterfalls of En Gedi is based on flowers and
leaflets I saw (and did not properly collect) floating on the water below the
trees, which are extremely hard to access. After 1996 it was observed by
Israeli visitors in a spring near
Damasonium polyspermum Coss.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Lower
Datisca cannabina L.
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 28.
Note:No
specimen of this species was collected in
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Pleshet,
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p. 440.
Note:
In agreement with the note of 1987, this plant is not found yet out of
Ducrosia flabellifolia Boiss.
Note:
Boulos & Al-Eisawi (1977b): p. 274.
Ehrharta erecta Lam.
Ref.: Danin & Scholz, in Greuter & Raus
(1999): p. 65.
Specimens seen:
Note:
It is a
recently introduced adventive weed, confined to sandy soils and partly shaded,
summer-moist habitats.
Einadia nutans (R.Br.) A.J.Scott
Ref.: Danin & Heller, in Greuter & Raus
(1998): p. 164.
Note:
An indigenous lignified
vine of
Enchylaena tomentosa R.Br.
Ref.: Danin & Heller, in Greuter & Raus
(1998): p. 164.
Note:
An indigenous
subshrub to shrub of
Ephedra pachyclada Boiss. subsp. sinaica
(H.Riedl)
Freitag & Maier-Stolte (1994).
Note:The occurrence of E.
pachyclada in
the
Eragrostis virescens
J.
Presl
Syn.:
Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link
subsp. virescens (J. Presl) Koch
& Sanchez.
Note: The first specimen was
collected in
Eucalyptus camaldulensisDehn.
Note: A tree introduced from W.
Australia as an ornamental- and forest-tree at the 1880’s. Rarely germinating
and establishing itself spontaneously in Israel. For many years E. camadulensis was one of the most common trees used in afforestation on
various soils types. At its area of origin it dominates riparian vegetation
(its common name in Australia is “river red gum”). The common habitat where
germination and establishment of this tree takes place is ditches along the
highway in areas of deep clayey soil (Grumusol) where irrigated agriculture is
practiced near the road. Functioning as drainage canals, the ditches may have
wet ground throughout the summer. Meeting the germination demands of E. camaldulensis in this habitat may be a result of the existence of moist
soil in summer. Millions of seeds produced by the adult trees every year are
wind-disperses.
Ref.:
Al-Eisawi et al., (1996) recorded it from rocky ground, Wadi Rum,
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr.
Specimen:
Note:
The potential of En Gedi to become a site for the establishment of alien plants
is rather high. It is one of the warmest sites in
Note:
The three species of Euphorbia listed above belong to the group of
adventive and naturalized species which develop mainly in summer, in garden
plots irrigated with trickle pipes. Thanks are due to Mr. Radcliff-Smith, at
Fagonia schimperi Presl
Specimen examined:
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1999): p. 64.
Note:
This is one of the Fagonia species already known from Sinai and
discovered recently from
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve
Ref.: Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 41.
Note: An adventive weed, which
grows in small quantities here and there in summer-irrigated ground.
Galium ghilanicum Stapf.
Ref.:
Danin (1992): p.110.
Galium spurium L.
Ref.:
Danin & Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1984b): p. 308.
Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera
Ref.: Kilian & Danin, in Greuter & Raus
(1999): pp. 53-54.
Specimens examined:
Note:
The ecological
niche this adventive plant is occupying at present is disturbed, irrigated and
shaded sandy soils of the coastal plain.
Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) C.E.Hubb.
Ref.:
Scholz, in Greuter & Raus (1998): p. 171.
Note:
In addition to the specimen reported by Scholz from the Negev Highlands I
collected, March 2000, additional specimens of this species (det. H. Scholz) at
the Judean Mts., 15 km W of Jerusalem (HUJ, B).
Geranium libanoticum Schenk
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Golan, east of Buq’ata, NE face of Har Varda,
volcanic tuff, alt. 1160 m, 5.5.1991, O. Cohen.
Hedysarum cf.
pogonocarpum Boiss.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 463.
Note:
The plant recorded and illustrated by Baierle et al., (1988) is evidently new to the Flora
Palaestina area. Its final determination anticipates further investigation.
Helianthus annuus L.
Note: The first specimen in HUJ:
Heliotropium
lasiocarpum
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
First
specimen:
Jordan, Ammon: 25 km S of Amman, Loessial soil near the road 1 km N of Queen
Alia Airport, 16.7. 2000, Danin 2K0102; det.: H. Foerther (M) and Nadja Diane
(BSB).
Henrardia pubescens (Bertol.) C.E. Hubbard
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 465
Hippocrepis biflora Spreng.
Note:
Prof. P. Lassen (pers. comm., 2000)
enlightened the following specimens determined by him: Sharon, Meyers &
Dinsmore 6446 (E p.p.!);
Hohenackeria exscapa (Stev.)
Kos.-Pol.
Ref.:
Al-Eisawi et al., (1994).
Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss.
Note:
Boulos et al., (1975): p. 368.
Hypericum perforatum L.
Ref.:
Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p. 441.
Hypericum sinaicum Hochst. & Steud. ex
Boiss.
Specimens seen:
Note:Danin (1997)
Willdenowia
27: p. 172. The population discovered in
Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ:
Ipomoea indica (Burm.f.) Merr.
Ref.: Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p.
440.
Note: Liston (1987) mentions a specimen collected by
M. Zohary 19.3.1962 and states that the status of that species is not known.
The status did not change to the present day.
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br.
Note:
Zohary (1976: p. 300) mentions the finding of this species in the coastal plain
without an accurate location. There is no specimen of this species from the
Flora Palaestina area in HUJ.
Ipomoea triloba L.
Note:
Lactuca aculeata Boiss.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Golan, near Nov, 23.9.1977, Golberson.
Lantana camara L.
Note: An ornamental plant
introduced from Tropical America at an unknown date but, following the general
history recorded by Stirton (1978), it seems to have been introduced during the
20th century. L. camara is a noxious weedy plant, which is
rated as one of the ten worst weeds in the world (Stirton 1978). It is
dispersed by birds through endozoochory and easily establishes itself in
cultivated crops that are not intensively managed. A prominent habitat of this
plant is almost abandoned or abandoned citrus groves. L. camara is often
transferred from ornamental gardens to these abandoned orchards by birds. The
latter tend to stand on trees and drop seeds, which passed in their intestine
on soil poor in competing annuals, due to low light intensity. The weedy L. camara germinates and establishes itself in this habitat.
L. camara
often looks like a vine covering entirely dead citrus trees. Dafni & Heller (1990)
discuss aditional aspects of this species.
Another common habitat of L.
camara is datepalm plantations
irrigated by trickle-pipes. These are common along the Jordan-Dead Sea-Arava
rift valley. In this area and especially in the oasis of En Gedi it threats to
outcompete local flora in natural habitats. In addition to these two clear
habitats, L. camara is a common component of the wasteland vegetation in
the lowlands of the Mediterranean territories of
Lappula barbata (M.Bieb.) Gürke
Specimen examined:
Lappula sinaica (DC.) Asch. & Schweinf.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 460.
Note:
A common steppe and desert annual of
Lasiospermum brachyglossum DC. var. sinaicum
Asch. & P. Hoffm.
Ref.: Al-Eisawi et al., (1996).
Lathyrus annuus L.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Sharon, E of Ma’agan Mikhael junction, abandoned
field, 12.4.1994,
Lathyrus ciliolatus Rech.f.
Ref.:
Mattatia (1977).
Lathyrus palustris L.
Note:
A single population was recorded from the
Lathyrus sphaericus Retz.
Ref.:
Mattatia (1974).
Lavandula dentata L.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 463.
Lavatera arborea L.
Note:
Occasional individuals develop on highly disturbed ground, mainly in urban
areas and near roads.
Leopoldia
tenuiflora (Tausch) Heldr.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 463.
Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth
Note:
Danin & Scholz, in Greuter & Raus (1998): pp. 171-172, reported the
occurrence of this species under its synonym:Leptochloa filiformis(Lam.) P. Beauv. For
information concerning this synonymy see: Taxon 42: 413-417 (1993).
Leptochloa uninervia (J.Presl) Hitchc. &
Chase
Ref.:
Danin & Scholz, in Greuter & Raus (1999): p. 66.
Note:
This new adventive grass is confined to muddy soil of the newly exposed land at
the beach around the
Lotus hispidus DC. in
Lam., Fl. Fr. ed. 3, 5 (=suppl.): 572 (1815)
Ref.: Lassen, in Greuter & Raus
(1987): p. 445 (as L. subbiflorus Lag.; Greuter et al., (1989):
p. 133.
Note: Lassen (1987) saw and determined two herbarium
specimens from
Maireana brevifolia (R.Br.) P.G.Wilson
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982a): p. 39.
Note:
An Australian
semishrub to shrub, introduced as an ornamental or fodder plant for dry lands
during the 2nd half of the 20th century. Escaped from cultivation and
established in roadsides where plants enjoy extra water supply as runoff from
asphalt roads and low competition. It is also found in highly disturbed sites
where soil was removed in the processes of road construction. The sites where
it grows are mainly on slightly saline loessial soils.
Medicago arborea L.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 461.
Melia azedarach L.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 36.
Note:
An ornamental
tree of a SE Asian origin (the common names China-Tree or China-Berry may indicate
its origin) which succeeds to establish itself in human disturbed habitats
throughout the moist parts of the country. This tree produces fruits
successfully wherever it grows. The fruits are bat-dispersed and the ground
below fruit bats “resting” places may be covered by huge quantities of M. azedarach stones, each containing many small seeds. M.
azedarach
trees may be found in mal-managed and abandoned citrus groves. Wasteland, where
competition is low for a long period of time, also supports this tree.
Melica canescens (Regel) Lavr.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 465
Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.
Note:
Specimens collected by M. Chaouat
in the Golan without a specified location nor with herbarium specimen are
raised in the botanical gardens of
Minuartia intermedia (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 460.
Minuartia sinaica (Boiss.) Danin
Ref.:
Danin (1987).
Note:
This taxon was regarded as a synonym of Minuartia picta (Sm.) Bornm.
(Greuter et al., 1984: p. 223). When the two taxa meet together (e.g., the
Negev Highlands in a good rainy year – cf. Danin, 1987), they grow on different
soil types and differ morphologically. Their petal size and their leaf and stem
indumentum correlates with seed surface morphology (using SEM images). These
are not geographical races, nor local variation in certain populations, but a
constant assemblage of morphological and ecological conditions, and therefore
deserve a species level recognition.
Moenchia erecta (L.) P.Gaertn. et al.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Golan, clearing in forest near Mas’ada, basalt soil,
29.4.1968, M. Zohary.
Morus albaL.
Note: A fruit tree, introduced from C & E China. It
was planted in some places as food for butterfly caterpillars (“silkworms”). Birds through
endozoochory frequently disperse Morus alba. A preferred position
for birds is high places; thus standing and watching the area around them,
birds often use orchard trees as their watching sites and enrich the soil below
them with droppings. Whereas the area below the fruit trees is ploughed against
weeds, the abandoned orchards, during the first years after cultivation ceased
are not ploughed and the seeds transported and dropped by the birds germinate
and the plants establish themselves.
Myosotis refracta Boiss.
Note: The first specimen in
HUJ: Jordan, 4
km S of Wadi Sabat, 2 km N of Jebel Umm Adami, 55 km ESE of Aqaba, 10.v.1998,
Danin 980313.
Myosurus
minimus L.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ:
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus
Ref.:
Witztum &
Chaouat (1991): p.65-66.
Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn.
Note:
The first specimens in HUJ: Akko Plain,
Garidella nigellastrum L.
Note:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 44. See also the comment on Garidella unguicularis Poir.
Nigella segetalis M.Bieb.
Note:
Collected once in the Negev Highlands. In that population, which developed on
loessial soil of an ancient agricultural terrace between Nahal Elot and Borot
Lotz, in the shrub-steppe zone at an elevation of approximately 1000 m, there
were young specimens. Mature specimens should be collected there to make this
record clear beyond any reasonable doubt.
Nitraria schoberi L.
Note:
Recorded by Kislev et al., (1992) from 19,000 years old site at the shores of
the Kinnereth (
Nothoscordium
inodorum
(Aiton) Nicholson
Specimen:
Note: This xenphyte of American
origin, seen in
Oenothera biennis L.
Note:
The first and only specimen in HUJ: Pleshet, 0.5 km S of Masmiya junction,
25.8.1989, Dafni.
Oenothera laciniata Hill
Note:
Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p. 448.
Oenothera rosea Aiton
Ref.:
Danin & Shmida, in Greuter 1980: p. 232.
Ophioglossum polyphyllum A.Braun
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ:
Ophrys flavomarginata (Renz) H.Baumann & Künkele
Note:
Dafni et al.,
(1987): p. 146.
Opopanax hispidus (Friv.)
Griseb.
Note:
Al-Eisawi (1983): p. 360.
Panicum coloratum L.
Ref.:
Danin & Scholz in Greuter & Raus (1998): p. 172.
Papaver decaisnei Hochst. & Steud. ex Elkan
Note:
Recorded from
Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn.
Note:
Boulos et al., (1975): p. 368.
Papaver somniferum L.
Note:
There are occasional individuals of the cultivar growing at the roadsides of
the mesic districts of the country. Their origin seems to be occasional seeds
which fall-off of the condiment “papaver seeds” transported by vehicles. The individuals
are found in the belt of 3-5 m along the road sprayed with herbicides and
support many other cultivars, e.g. Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum and many other plants mentioned in the present paper.
Parapholis marginata Runem.
Note:
First record:
Parkinsonia aculeata L.
Ref:Danin,
in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 34.
Note:
A central-American
tree, introduced during the 20th century as afforestation tree for
dry lands. It is planted here and there as an ornamental tree all over
Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam.
Note:
The specimen determined by the monographer (Chaudhari 1968) is:
Paronychia macrosepala Boiss.
Note:
Coast of
Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ is:
Passiflora morifolia Masters
Note:
Joel & Liston (1986): p. 219.
Peltaria angustifolia DC.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988): p. 460.
Note:
The status of Peltaria
angustifolia, in
the Flora Palaestina area, is discussed by Danin (1999: p.158).
Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov.
Note:
Although not reported before for
Phagnalon nitidum Fresen.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ is: Jordan, Jebel Umm Adami, 55 km ESE of Aqaba, a rocky wadi, 10.5.1998, Danin 980213.
Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ is: Jordan, Jebel Umm Adami, 55 km ESE of Aqaba, a rocky wadi, 10.5.1998, Danin 980301.
Phlomis chrysophylla Boiss.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982b): p. 198.
Phyllanthus rotundifolius
Klein ex Willd.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ is:
Physalis angulata L.
Note:
The first specimens in HUJ: Esderaelon Plain, Nahalal, a weed in a garden,
10.3.1977, A. Dafni, det. W.G. D’Arcy.
Picris babylonica Hand.-Mazz.
Note:
A few specimens previously determined as Picris cyanocarpa Boiss. in HUJ were renamed in 1999 as
P. babylonica by M. Sualla (B) who studies this group from the
Pinus brutia Ten.
Note: A tree of Mediterranean
countries north and west of
Plantago sinaica (Barnéoud) Decne.
Specimens seen:
Ref.:
Danin (1997) 27: p. 172.
Note:
This is a common component of the rock vegetation of the smooth-faced granite
at the high elevation belt of
Polygonum argyrocoleum Steud. ex
G.Kunze
Ref:Danin,
in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 41.
Polygonum aviculare L.
Ref:Danin,
in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 41.
Potentilla supina L.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Negev Highlands, near Yeroham, wet soil in banks of the
(artificial) lake, 15.7.1971, Danin.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter (1980): p. 21.
Ranunculus lateriflorus DC.
Note:Danin,
in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 46.
Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Note:
An adventive tree of N American origin, planted as an ornamental tree.
Occasionally germinates and establishes itself in disturbed ground of urban
areas and roadside in the Mediterranean territories of the study area.
Rorippa prostrata (J.P.Bergeret) Schinz & Thell.
Note:
An adventive plant, which invaded
Sageretia thea (Osbeck)
M.C.Johnst.
Note:Künne
in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 48.
Sagina maritima G.Don
Ref.:
Danin (1992):
p. 178.
Salsola cyclophylla Baker
Note: Danin (1973): p. 22.
Salsola gaetula (Maire) Botsch.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982a): p. 40.
Salsola orientalis S.G.Gmel.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1982a): p. 40.
Salvinia natans (L.) All.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Sharon, Netanya, Dora’s Pool, 5.9.1988.
Sambucus ebulus L.
Note:
Liston, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p. 439.
Sambucus nigra L.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ:
Scandix australis L.
Note:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 48.
Scandix grandiflora L.
Note:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 48.
Schinus molle L.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter (1981): p. 29.
Note: Introduced as an ornamental
tree from
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 28.
Note: A tree that was introduced
from
Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Pleshet, Kvouzat Schiler, a weed in irrigated lawn,
5.12.1998, B. Rubin, det. Danin & Scholz.
Scleranthus orientalis Roessler
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Golan, Mas’ada forest, among basalt rocks, 4/1973,
Shmida.
Secale cereale L.
Note:
Found casually
at the herbicides-sprayed roadsides of the Mediterranean territories. The
origin of the specimens may be from grains transferred for various reasons in
these highways. The individuals in the roadsides do not tend to grow in-groups
and may indicate new contamination annually.
Seidlitzia cinerea (Moq.) Bge. ex Botsch.
Note:
The first and only specimen in HUJ:
Senna obtusifolia (L.)
Irwin & Barneby
Ref.:
Joel & Liston (1986).
Sesbania sesban (L.)
Merr.
Ref.:
Dafni &
Heller (1990).
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.
Specimens seen:
Ref.:
Danin & Scholz (1997): pp. 177-179.
Note:
The two taxa in the Setaria verticillata complex are clearly recognized in
Sida acuta Burm.f.
Note:
First specimen at HUJ:
Siebera nana (DC.) Bornm.
Ref.:
Baierle et al.,
(1988).
Silene libanotica Boiss.
Note:
A specimen of this species, collected by
Solanum dulcamara L.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ is ex herbarium Postianum: Plantae Giladenses,
4.5.1886 (the exact location is not clear). At present it is a rather common
plant in the spring vegetation of the Banyas springs at the meeting zone of the
Golan, the Hermon, and the
Solanum laciniatum Aiton
Note:
The first specimens in HUJ: Golan, Chispin, drainage channel, escaped from
cultivation, 15.5.1985, O. Cohen. At the same year R. Ducas collected it from a
few locations with disturbed ground.
Sonchus microcephalus Mejias
Ref.:
Danin (1992):
p.193.
Sterigmostemum sulphureum (Banks & Sol.) Bornm.
Note:
Al-Eisawi
(1985b): p. 953.
Stipa ehrenbergiana Trin. & Rupr.
Ref.:
Freitag (1985).
Stipa holosericea Trin.
Ref.:
Freitag (1985).
Stipagrostis drarii (Täckh.) de Winter
Ref.: Baierle et al., (1988): p.
465; Danin (1994): pp. 59‑61
Stipagrostis uniplumis (Licht.) de Winter
Ref.:
Al-Eisawi (1985a).
Tagetes minuta L.
Ref.:
Dafni &
Heller (1990).
Teesdalia coronopifolia (J.P.Bergeret) Thell.
Note:
The first record in HUJ is: Golan: nr Masa’ada, shade among oaks, 7.4.1987,
Danin.
Thalictrum isopyroides C.A.Mey.
Ref.:
Boulos et al., (1975): p. 369 (for
Note:
This rare steppe plant was observed and collected in the Negev Highlands a few
more times.
Torilis webbii
S.L.Jury
Ref:
Jury (1987): p. 297.
Trianthema portulacastrum L.
Note:
Danin (1981): p. 27.
Trifolium glomeratum
L.
Note:
Fragman, in Greuter & Raus (1999): p. 60. This Trifolium which was
not mentioned by Zohary (1972) was well known to M. Zohary from the Golan.
Fragman (1999) reports the first occurrence of this plant from the
Trifolium hirtum
All.
Note:
The first and only specimen in HUJ: Golan, Bab el Hawa, 31.3.1969, Dafni, det.
D. Heller.
Trifolium sylvaticum Gérard
Note:
Golan, near Quneitra, tuff quarry, 25.4.1969, Shmida, det. D. Heller.
Trigonella lunata Boiss.
Ref.:
Boulos & Al-Eisawi (1977b).
Trigonella sibthorpii Boiss.
Ref.:
Danin & Small (1989).
Note:
The only population of this species found so far in
Trigonella spruneriana Boiss.
Note:
The first and only specimen in HUJ: Golan, near Susita, chalk, 8.3.1984, Liston
7-84-176/18.
Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan
Ref.:
Valkoun et al., (1998).
Typha angustifolia L.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1989): p. 48.
Note: In addition to the populations found in
the newly exposed coastal area of the Kinneret in drought years and depressions
with high underground water table near Rishon LeZion, it was found recently
near fresh water springs at
Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Pleshet: 3 km S of Rehovot, Kibbutz Givat Brener, a ditch draining
fields near an asphalt road, 4.x.1998, Danin.
Urochloa texana (Buckley) R.Webster
Note: The first specimen in HUJ:
Ref.:
Danin & Cope, in Greuter & Raus (1995): p. 175; first reported as Brachiaria texana (Buckley) S.T. Blake. This plant was collected again and was
observed to be a common weed in a cotton field in the Philistean Plain and was
re-determined by Prof. H. Scholz.
Veronica panormitana Tineo subsp. baradostensis
(M.A.Fisch.) M.A.Fisch.
Specimen seen:
Note:
Danin (1997):
p. 172. After the determination of this diploid taxon with small petals by the
expert, Prof. Dr. M.A. Fischer and its distinction from the common polyploid V. cymbalaria Bodard, which has larger petals,
it was collected also from the following districts:
Veronica polifolia Benth.
Specimens seen: Edom, northern section of Dana Reserve, the
Cupressus sempervirens reserve (4 km S of Bseara), 1500 m, sandy soil, 15.5.1996, Danin 963101.
Ref.:
Danin (1997):
p. 173.
Note:
This
semi-shrub, common in depressions of the subalpine
Vicia benghalensis M.Bieb.
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ:
Vicia lathyroides L.
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Golan, Masa’ada forest, 20.4.1969, Danin.
Vincetoxicum dionysiense Mouterde
Note:
First specimen in HUJ: Golan, Nahal
Yehudiya 3 km ENE of Katzrin, 4.9.1985, Kaplan, det. A. Liston.
Vitis vinifera L.
subsp. sylvestris (C.C.Gmel.) Hegi
Note:
Rottenberg (1998): p.142 presents the summary of his observations in
spontaneous populations of this taxon, and concludes that it occurs as a component in riparian
vegetation of the sources of the
Vulpia membranacea (L.) Dumort
Note:
The first specimen in HUJ: Sharon, Magdiel, near Tel Aviv, sandy field,
27.4.1928, Eig, det. H. Scholz 2000. The specimen we have in HUJ is a photocopy
of the specimen in B (in
Vulpia persica Boiss.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter & Raus (1987): p. 452. Danin & Scholz (1994): pp. 257-259.
Washingtonia filifera Wendl.
Note:
Indigenous tree
confined to fresh water springs in
3. List
of species which were mis-identified in Flora Palaestina
There are a few species in Flora Palaestina, which,
according to the contemporary opinions expressed in the quoted literature, were mis-identified.
The erroneous name is presented in Italics and between inverted commas. The
correct name is typed in boldface.
“Allium stamineum“. Allium
daninianum Brullo, Pavone & Salmeri, Ref:
Willdenowia 26: 237-244 (1996).
Note: See discussion above under Allium daninianum.
“Arabis nova”. Arabis auriculata Lam
Ref: Greuter et al., (1986): p. 53.
“Aristolochia maurorum”
Aristolochia bottae Jaub.
& Spach
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1984): p. 53.
“Artemisia herba-alba” Artemisia
sieberi Besser
Ref:
Leonard (1984): p. 20.
“Asphodelus aestivus” Asphodelus ramosus L
Ref: Diaz
Lifante & Valdes, in Danin (1992): p. 61.
“Atriplex hastata”. Atriplex prostrata Boucher
ex DC.
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1984): p. 293.
“Brachypodium pinnatum” Brachypodium
sylvaticum (Huds.)
P.Beauv.
Note:
Thanks are due to Prof. H.Scholz for his comments on the need to re-determine
this species.
“Bromus brachystachys” Bromus
pseudobrachystachys H.Scholz
Note: In fact most of the specimens of Bromus
determined as “Bromus brachystachys” by Prof. N. Feinbrun (in
HUJ) and included in Flora Palaestina IV (Feinbrun-Dothan 1986) were determined
by Prof. H.Scholz (summer 2000) as Bromus tigridis Boiss. & Noae.
Only a few specimens of Bromus in HUJ have been named B. pseudobrachystachys by an expert. The whole genus in Flora Palaestina area
deserves revision.
“Capparis ovata”. Capparis sicula Veill.
Ref.:
Danin, in Greuter 1981:
p. 41; Greuter et al., (1984): p. 155.
“Chaenorrhinum
persicum”.
Hueblia calycina (Banks & Sol.) Speta
“Cleome arabica”. Cleome
amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1984): p. 155.
“Colchicum bowlesianum”. Colchicum feinbruniae Persson
“Commicarpus verticillatus”. Commicarpus helenae (J.A.Schultes) Meikle
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1989): p. 244.
“Corrigiola litoralis subsp. telephiifolia”
Corrigiola palaestina Chaudhri
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1984): p. 185.
“Corynephorus divaricatus” Corynephorus articulatus (Desf.) P.Beauv.
Ref:
According to Prof. H. Scholz (pers. comm.) C. divaricatus is a west Mediterranean species.
“Cymbopogon parkeri” Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf
“Cynosurus elegans” Cynosurus
effusus Link
“Cyperus conglomeratus”. Cyperus macrorrhizus Nees
Ref:
Danin & Kukkonen (1995).
Cytinus hypocistis(L.) L.
Cytinus ruber
(Fourr.) Kom
Note: The Cytinus root-parasite of the genus Cistus, which grows in Israel, has flowers with white corolla and bracts with red
colour. It fits the diagnostic characters of C. ruber and not of C. hypocistis.
“Erodium subtrilobum”
Erodium neuradifolium Delile
Ref: Greuter et al., (1986): p. 255.
“Himantoglossum affine” . Himantoglossum caprinum (M.Bieb.) Spreng.
Note: Prof. A. Dafni (pers. comm.) communicated the nomenclature changes.
“Hypecoum imberbe”. Hypecoum dimidiatum Delile
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1989): p.
281.
“Lathyrus digitatus“ Lathyrus
spathulatus Čelak.
Ref: Greuter et al., (1989): p. 117.
“Limonium meyeri”. Limonium
narbonense Mill
Ref: Greuter et al., (1989): p. 344.
“Limonium oleifolium”.
Limonium virgatum (Willd.) Fourr
Ref: Greuter et al., (1989): p.
343.
“Ononis reclinata”.
Ononis mollis Savi
Ref: Valdes in Danin (1992): p. 152.
Note: Following Valdes’ comment the material of the two
taxa was studied in HUJ. I found there only O. mollis.
“Orchis laxiflora” . Orchis dinsmorei (Schlechter) H.Baumann &
Dafni
Note: Prof. A. Dafni (pers. comm.) communicated the
nomenclature changes.
“Orchis papilonacea” Orchis caspia Trautv.
Note: Prof. A. Dafni (pers. comm.) communicated the
nomenclature changes.
“Pentatropis spiralis”. Pentatropis
nivalis (J.F.Gmel.) Field & Wood
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1984): p. 57.
“Petrorhagia cretica”. Petrorhagia zoharyana A.Liston
“Polygala sinaica”. Polygala
negevensis Danin
Ref: Danin (1987).
“Polygonum patulum” Polygonum
bellardii All.
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1989): p. 358.
“Raphanus aucheri”. Quidproquo confusum Greuter
& Burdet
Ref: Greuter & Burdet, in Greuter & Raus (1983): p. 94; Greuter et al.,
(1986): p. 149.
“Reboudia pinnata” Erucaria microcarpa Boiss
Ref:
Greuter et al., (1986): p. 104.
“Salsola longifolia“. Salsola oppositifolia Desf
Ref: Greuter et al., (1984): p. 310.
“Salsola tetragona”. Salsola
cyclophylla Baker
Ref: Danin (1973): p. 22.
“Sedum pallidum” Sedum
rubens L
Ref: H.T. Hart, in Danin
(1992): p.187.
“Serapias vomeracea” Serapias levantina H.Baumann & Künkele
Ref: Prof. A. Dafni (pers. comm.) communicated the
nomenclature changes.
“Setaria glauca” Setaria pumila (Poir.)
Schult.
Note: “Setaria
glauca”. Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv. is
not a taxonomic synonym of S. pumila.
It was erroneously applied by many authors to S. pumila, however, the
Linnaean basionym Panicum glaucum L. is known at present as the
cultivated millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
“Setaria verticillata” Setaria
adhaerens (Forssk.)
Chiov
Ref: Danin & Scholz (1997).
“Spergularia media”. Spergularia maritima (All.)
Chiov
Ref: Greuter et al., (1984): p. 283.
“Stipa barbata” Stipa
arabica Trin. & Rupr.
Ref: Freitag (1985): p. 461.
“Stipa lagascae” Stipa pellita (Trin.
& Rupr.) Tzvelev
Ref: H.
Scholz (pers. comm.).
Note: A few specimens labeled Stipa lagascae in
HUJ were determined Stipa pellita and others as Stipa holosericea
by Prof. Freitag and by Prof. Scholz.
4. List of species the
names of which in Flora Palaestina are regarded at present as synonyms
In the following section
the correct updated names are presented in boldface; the synonyms used in Flora
Palaestina are written in Italics following the abbreviation Fl.Pal. Most
changes follow the conclusions of taxonomic investigations presented in the 3
volumes of MedChecklist (Greuter et al. 1984, 1986, and 1989).
Acacia pachyceras O. Schwartz var. najdensis (Chaudhary)
Boulos
Fl.Pal.: Acacia gerrardii Benth.
subsp. negevensis Zohary
Notes: In his account of the Acacia species of the
Arabian Peninsula, Boulos (1995: 335-336) disconnects the geographical
distribution-relations of the species of Acacia, known as TALKH in
several Arab speaking countries (e.g. Sinai, Jordan, and Arabia) from the
African Acacia gerrardii Benth. Contrary to Zohary (1972), he ties it to
the species described from Yemen by Schwartz (1939): “In Arabien im
innerjemenitischejhn hochland”. Being acquainted from the field with the
“Talkh” in Israel, Sinai and Jordan, and studying both this species and Acacia gerrardii in the herbarium (at Kew) I agree with Boulos (1995). I think as
Boulos did that the Near Eastern Talkh of Flora Palaestina should be named Acacia pachyceras O.Schwartz var
najdensis (Chadhry) Boulos. The comment of
Chaudhary (1998) disregards the fact that Schwartz (1939) described Acacia pachyceras from Yemen. Boulos (1995) thus selected a neotype for this
species (Yemen: J.R.I. Wood 2401 [K!]). One of the best field characters that
helps recognizing Acacia pachyceras is it easily pilling bark into
white-cream longitudinal strips. Schwartz gives it in his diagnosis of A. pachyceras “tecti primo pilis albis brevibus intermitis longioribus”.
Several collectors of Acacia gerrardii Benth. in the Sudan and in
Ethiopia (in K !) write that tree’s bark is black and deeply longitudinally
fissured. This property is never found in A. pachyceras of Israel,
Jordan, and Sinai.
Acer obtusifolium Sm;
Fl.Pal.: Acer syriacum Boiss. & Gaill. [syn.]
Achillea arabica Kotschy; Fl.Pal.: Achillea biebersteinii Afan.
Ref: Valant-Vetschera
(1999): p.144.
Adonis microcarpa DC; Fl.Pal.: Adonis cupaniana Guss. [syn.]
Adonis palaestina Boiss.; Fl.Pal.: Adonis aestivalis L.
var. palaestina (Boiss.) Zohary [syn.]
Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chennav.; Fl.Pal.: Aegilops
crassa Boiss. subsp. vavilovii Zhuk. [syn.]
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult; Fl.Pal.: Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr. [syn.]
Aetheorhiza bulbosa (L.) Cass.; Fl.Pal.: Crepis
bulbosa (L.) Tausch. [syn.]
Agathophora alopecuroides (Delile) Fenzl ex Bunge;
Fl.Pal.: Halogeton alopecuroides (Del.) Moq. [syn.]
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chia (Schreb.) Arcang.;
Fl.Pal.: Ajuga chia Schreb. [syn.]
Alhagi graecorum Boiss.;
Fl.Pal.: Alhagi maurorum Medik. [syn.]
Allium neapolitanum Cirillo; Fl.Pal.: Allium
neapolitanum Cyr.
Allium trifoliatum Cirillo; Fl.Pal.: Allium trifoliatum
Cyr.
Alyssum aureum (Fenzl) Boiss.; Fl.Pal.: Alyssum meniocoides Boiss.
Alyssum simplex Rudolphi; Fl.Pal.: Alyssum minus (L.)
Rotm. var. minus [syn.]
Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol.; Fl.Pal.: Alyssum minus (L.)
Rothm. var. strigosum (Banks & Sol.) Stoj. [syn.]
Amaranthus cruentus L.; Fl.Pal.: Amaranthus
hybridus L. [syn.]
Amaranthus muricatus Gillies ex Hicke; Fl.Pal.: Amaranthus
muricatus Moq. [syn.]
Amaranthus viridis L.; Fl.Pal.: Amaranthus
gracilis Desf. [syn.]
Ammannia baccifera L.;
Fl.Pal.: Ammania aegyptiaca Willd. [syn.]
Anchusa azurea Mill.; Fl.Pal.: Anchusa italica Retz.
[syn.]
Arabis alpina L. subsp. caucasica (Willd.) Briq.;
Fl.Pal.: Arabis caucasica Schltdl. [syn.]
Aristida adscensionis L.; Fl.Pal.: Including Aristida
coerulescens Desf.
Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K.Koc; Fl.Pal.: Arthrocnemum
macrostachyum (Moric.) Moris & Delponte [syn.]
Arundo pliniana Turr; Fl.Pal.: Arundo plinii Turra
Asparagus horridus L.; Fl.Pal.: Asparagus
stipularis Forssk. [syn.]
Asplenium ceterach L.; Fl.Pal.: Ceterach
officinarum DC. [syn.]
Asplenium sagittatum (DC.) A.J.Bange; Fl.Pal.: Phyllitis
sagitata (DC.) Guinea &
Heywood [syn.]
Asplenium onopteris L.; Fl.Pal.: Asplenium
adiantum-nigrum L. subsp. onopteris (L.) Heufl. [syn.]
Asteriscus hierochunticus (Michon) Wiklund; Fl.Pal.: Asteriscus
pygmaeus (DC.) Coss. & Dur. [syn.]
Astomaea
seselifolium DC. Fl.Pal.: Astoma seselifolium
DC.
Astragalus aleppicus Boiss.;
Fl.Pal.: Astragalus giladensis Eig [syn.]; A. postii Eig [syn.]; A. galilaeus Freyn & Bornm. [syn.];
A. feinbruniae Eig ex
Rech.f. [syn.]
Astragalus arnilobus Kar.
& Kir.; Fl.Pal.: Astragalus
gyzensis Delile ex Bge.
[syn.]; A. hauarensis Boiss. [syn.]
Astragalus asterias Steve;
Fl.Pal.: Astragalus cruciatus Link [syn.]
Astragalus
campylorrhynchus Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Fl.Pal.: Astragalus
negevensis Zohary & Fertig
[syn.]
Astragalus caprinus L.
subsp. lanigerus (Desf.) Maire ; Fl.Pal.: Astragalus platyraphis Fisch.
exBge. [syn.]; A. beershabensis Eig & Sam. [syn.], A. alexandrinus Boiss. [syn.]
Astragalus crenatus Schultes;
Fl.Pal.: Astragalus corrugatus Bertol. [syn.]
Astragalus dactylocarpus Boiss.
subsp. acinaciferus (Boiss.) E.Ot; Fl.Pal.: Astragalus acinaciferus Boiss.
[syn.]
Astragalus kotschyanus Boiss.;
Fl.Pal.: Astragalus zemeraniensis Eig [syn.]
Astragalus pelecinus (L.)
Barneb; Fl.Pal.: Biserrula pelecinus L. [syn.]
Atriplex glauca L.; Fl.Pal.: Atriplex stylosa Viv. [syn.]
Atriplex portulacoides L.; Fl.Pal.: Halimione
portulacoides (L.) Aellen [syn.]
Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC; Fl.Pal.: “Atriplex
hastata”.
Atriplex sagittata Borkh.; Fl.Pal.: Atriplex
nitens Schkuhr [syn.]
Bassia arabica (Boiss.) Maire & Weille; Fl.Pal.: Chenolea arabica Boiss. [syn.]
Bassia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott; Fl.Pal.: Kochia indica Wight
[syn.]
Bellis sylvestris Cirillo; Fl.Pal.: Bellis silvestris Cyrill.
Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host; Fl.Pal.: Beckmannia
erucaeformis (L.) Host
Note: According to the contemporary nomenclatural rules,
an epithet composed of two words can not be joined by a diphthong (T. Cope,
8/2000, pers. comm.).
Bilacunaria boissieri (Reut.
& Huasskn.) Pimenov & Tichomiro; Fl.Pal.: Hippomarathrum boissieri Reut.
& Hausskn. [syn.]
Bituminaria bituminosa (L.)
C.H.Stirt.; Fl.Pal.: Psoralea bituminosa L. [syn.]
Bituminaria flaccida (Nábelek) Greute; Fl.Pal.: Psoralea flaccida Nábelek
[syn.]
Blepharis in Israel
Note:
According to K. Vollesen (pers. comm., 8/2000), who compiled a monograph of the
genus Blepharis, the common species of Israel, Jordan and Sinai, is not B. ciliaris (L.) B.L.Burtt (sensu Feinbrun-Dothan 1978: p. 218). Vollesen
indicated that B. ciliaris is actually an endemic species of Iran-Afghanistan.
The populations of Blepharis attenuata Napper, as it is known in
the phytosociological research in Israel, are confined to semisteppe batha
(Danin & Solomeshch 1999). It is a diagnostic species of the
Balloto-Sarcopoterion spinosi Danin & Solomeshch, an alliance in the class
Ballotetea undulatae Danin & Solomeshch. When Napper (1972) described this
species it was considered as a mesophitic plant and was later declared as a
diagnostic of a marginal Mediterranean plant community. It was considered as an
independent species differing from the other, more drought and heat resistant
taxon of the warm desert areas of the Dead Sea, Arava Valley, and the coastal
area of eastern Sinai (B. ciliaris sensu Feinbrun 1978). However,
according to the present revision of Vollesen (2000, in press), B. attenuata is the right name for both taxa, as so far there is no constant diagnostic
character which may be used to distinguish between the two ecological and
geographical different races.
Brachypodiumdistachyum (L.) P.Beauv.; Fl.Pal.: “Brachypodium distachyon”
Note: The spelling “distachyon” by Beauvoix was
inaccurate (T. Cope 8/2000, pers. comm.).
Bunium paucifolium DC;
Fl.Pal.: Bunium elegans (Fenzl) Freyn [syn.]
Bupleurum orientale Snogerup;
Fl.Pal.: Bupleurum tenuissimum L. [syn.]
Callipeltis factorovskyi (Eig) Ehrend.; Fl.Pal.: Waburgina
factorovskyi Eig [syn.]
Callitriche brutia Petagn;
Fl.Pal.: Callitriche pedunculata DC. [syn.]
Callitriche lenisulca Clavaud;
Fl.Pal.: Callitriche palustris L
[syn.].
Callitriche truncata Guss;
Fl.Pal.: Callitriche hermaphroditica L. [syn.]
Capparis aegyptia Lam; Fl.Pal.: Capparis spinosa L. var.
aravensis Zohary [syn.]
Capparis sinaica Veill.; Fl.Pal.: Capparis cartilaginea Decne.
[syn.]
Carduus acicularis Bertol.; Fl.Pal.: Carduus
argentatus L. var. esdraelonicus (Boiss.) Boiss. [syn.]
Carex guestphalica (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Boenn. ex O.Lang; Fl.Pal.:
Carex divulsa Stocks subsp. leersii (Kneuck.) W.Koch [syn.]
Carlina libanotica Boiss. subsp. microcephala
(Post) Meusel & Dittrich; Fl.Pal.: Carlina hispanica Lam. subsp. galilaea Meusel & Kästner [syn.]
Centaurea pumilio L.; Fl.Pal.: Aegialophila pumilio (L.)
Boiss. [syn.]
Note: T. Raus (pers. comm.) suggests returning it to Centaurea because there are many sections in
Centaurea and in Flora Europaea
4: 269 the authors returned all back to Centaurea. Feinbrun-Dothan
(1978) took one small group and retained Aegialophila.
Centropodia forskalii (Vahl) Cope; Fl.Pal.: Asthenatherum
forskalii (Vahl) Nevski [syn.]
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.; Fl.Pal.: Cerastium
viscosum L. [syn.]
Cerasus microcarpa (C.A.Mey.)
Boiss.; Fl.Pal.: Cerasus microcarpa (C.A.Mey.) C.Koch [syn.]
Ceratocapnos turbinata (DC.) Lide; Fl.Pal.: Ceratocapnos
palaestinus Boiss. [syn.]
Cheilanthes acrostica (Balb.) Tod.; Fl.Pal.: Cheilanthes
fragrans (L.) Webb & Berth. [syn.]
Chiliadenus iphionoides (Boiss. & Blanche)
Brullo; Fl.Pal.: Varthemia iphionoides Boiss & Blanche [syn.]
Chiliadenus montanus (Vahl) Brullo; Fl.Pal.: Varthemia
montana (Vahl) Boiss. [syn.]
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.)
Raf.; Fl.Pal.: Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Ad.Juss. [syn.]
Cicer judaicum Boiss.;
Fl.Pal.: Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach [syn.]
Cichorium endivia L. subsp. divaricatum (Schousb.)
P.D.Sell; Fl.Pal.: Cichorium pumilum Jacq. [syn.]
Cleome arabica L.; Fl.Pal.: Cleome trinervia Fresen.
[syn.]
Colchicum troodi Kotsch.; Fl.Pal.: Colchicum decaisnei Boiss.
[syn.]
Commicarpus plumbagineus (Cav.) Standle; Fl.Pal.: Commicarpus
africanus (Lour.) Dandy [syn.]
Consolida incana (E.D.Clarke) Munz; Fl.Pal.: Consolida rigida (DC.) Bornm. [syn.]
Convolvulus auricomus (A.Rich.) Bhandari; Fl.Pal.:
Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy [syn.]
Conyza stricta Willd.; Fl.Pal.: Conyza triloba Decne.
[syn.]
Cosentinia vellea (Aiton) Tod.; Fl.Pal.: Cheilanthes catanensis (Cosent.) H.P. Fuchs [syn.]
Crucianella aegyptiaca L.;
Fl.Pal.: Crucianella herbacea Forssk.
[syn.].
Ref.:
C. aegyptiaca
is mentioned in Hepper & Friis (1994) as the legitimate name, C.
herbacea is therefore a synonym.
Cucumis acidus Jacq.f.; Fl.Pal.: Cucumus callosus (Rottler)
Cogn. [syn.]
Cyperus michelianus (L.) Delile subsp. pygmaeus
(Rottb.) Asch. & Graebn.; Fl.Pal.: Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb. [syn.]
Daucus broteri Ten.; Fl.Pal.: Daucus bicolor Sm.
[syn.]
Daucus durieua Lang; Fl.Pal.: Daucus subsessilis Boiss.
[syn.]
Daucus glaber (Forssk.)
Thell.; Fl.Pal.: Daucus litoralis Sm. [syn.]
Desmazeria philistaea (Boiss.) H.Scholz; Fl.Pal.: Cutandia
philistaea (Boiss.) Jackson [syn.]
Deverra tortuosa (Desf.)
DC.; Fl.Pal.: Pituranthos tortuosus (Desf.) Asch. & Schweinf. [syn.]
Deverra triradiata Hochst.
ex Boiss.; Fl.Pal.: Pituranthos triradiatus (Hochst. ex Boiss.) Asch.
& Schweinf. [syn.]
Dianthus monadelphus Vent. subsp. judaicus
(Boiss.)
Greuter & Burdet; Fl.Pal.: Dianthus judaicus Boiss. [syn.]
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Robert; Fl.Pal.: Eremopogon
foveolatus (Delile) Stapf [syn.]
Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter;
Fl.Pal.: Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. [syn.]
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter;
Fl.Pal.: Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton [syn.]
Doellia bovei (DC.) Anderb.; Fl.Pal.: Blumea bovei (DC.) Vatke [syn.]
Ref: Anderberg
(1995).
Dorycnium hirsutum (L.)
Ser.; Fl.Pal.: Bonjeana hirsuta (L.) Rchb. [syn.]
Dorycnium rectum (L.)
Ser; Fl.Pal.: Bonjeana
recta (L.)Rchb. [syn.]
Dryopteris pallida (Borry) C.Chr. ex Maire
& Petitm. subsp. libanotica (Rosenst.) Nardi; Fl.Pal.:
Dryopteris villarii (Bellardi)
H.Woynar ex Schniz & Thell. [syn. p.p.]
Eclipta prostrata(L.) L.; Fl.Pal.: Eclipta
alba (L.) Hassk.
Eigia longistyla (Eig) Soják; Fl.Pal.: Stigmatella
longistyla Eig [syn.]
Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski; Fl.Pal.: Elymus
elongatus (Host) Runemark [syn.]
Elytrigia intermedia (Host)
Nevski;
Fl.Pal.: Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Meld. [syn.]
Enneapogon desvauxii P.Beauv.; Fl.Pal.: Enneapogon
brachystachyus (Jaub. & Spach) Stapf [syn.]
Ephedra aphylla Forssk.; Fl.Pal.: Ephedra
alte C.A.Mey.
[syn]
Ref.: Danin & Hedge (1973): pp. 264-265.
Ephedra ciliata Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Fl.Pal.: Ephedra peduncularis Boiss. [syn.]
Ref.: Freitag & Maier-Stolte (1994).
Ephedra foeminea Forssk.; Fl.Pal.: Ephedra campylopoda C.A.Mey. [syn.]
Ref.: Freitag & Maier-Stolte (1994).
Epilobium tetragonum L.
subsp. tournefortii (Michalet) Léveille; Fl.Pal.: Epilobium
tournefortii Michalet [syn.]
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janch; Fl.Pal.: Eragrostis
cilianensis (All.) F.T. Hubb. [syn.]
Note: This is not a real synonym, but a late combination
(T. Cope 8/2000, pers. comm.).
Eremobium lineare (Delile) Asch. & Schweinf. ex Boiss.;
Fl.Pal.: Eremobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Boiss. var. lineare (Delile)
Zohary [syn.]
Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb. var. libanoticus
(Boiss.
& Blanche) O.Fedtsch.; Fl.Pal.: Eremurus libanoticus Boiss. & Blanche
[syn.]
Erodium crassifolium L'Hér; Fl.Pal.: Erodium hirtum Willd. [syn.]
Erodium oxyrhynchum M.Bieb.
subsp. bryoniifolium (Boiss.) Schoenb.-Tem.; Fl.Pal.: Erodium bryoniifolium Boiss. [syn.]
Erodium touchyanum Delile;
Fl.Pal.: Erodium deserti (Eig) Eig [syn.]
Erophila praecox (Steven) DC.; Fl.Pal.: Erophila verna (L.)
Besser [syn.]
Erucaria pinnata (Viv.) Täckh. &
Boulos; Fl.Pal.: Erucaria uncata (Boiss.) Asch. & Schweinf. [syn.]
Erucaria rostrata (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Fl.Pal.: Erucaria boveana Coss. [syn.]
Eryngium falcatum F.Delaroche;
Fl.Pal.: Eryngium falcatum Laroche [syn.]
Euphorbia grossheimii Prokh.;
Fl.Pal.: Euphorbia isthmia Täckh. [syn.]
Euphorbia heterophylla L.;
Fl.Pal.: Euphorbia geniculata Ortega
[syn.]